Using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology, this study examined the effect of climate change and herders-farmers conflict on food security in Nigeria between 1983 and 2021. The findings of the study revealed that climate change throughout the study negatively and significantly influenced food security proxied by crop production both in the short-run and long run. While the herders-farmers conflict negatively influenced crop production, its influence remained insignificant both in the short-run and long-run. Climate change both in the short-run and long run is inversely related to food security proxied by livestock production. However, its influence remained insignificant. Furthermore, herders-farmers conflict positively but insignificantly influenced livestock production during the duration of this study. Thus, crop production is the most hit aspect of food security by the herders farmers conflict in Nigeria. Finally, climate change is highly correlated to the herders-farmers conflict in Nigeria. The study adopted the neoclassical theory of production and recommended that climate smart agriculture needs to be encouraged in addition to the provision and use of improved varieties of crops that can withstand the adverse effects of climate change. Furthermore, the free-range method of cattle rearing should be reconsidered and appropriate measures taken to ranch cattle since the herders-farmers conflict favours livestock production to the detriment of crop production in Nigeria. Finally, the government
should make concerted efforts to find the actual cause of the conflict between herders and farmers and resolve it to guarantee food security.